Adelphi's Publications
NEUTRON GENERATORS AND APPLICATIONS
2023
Carlo Cazzaniga, Paula Luna Dapica, Khai Ngo, Michela Paoletti, Veronica Smith, Craig Brown,
Marco Tardocchi, Enrico Perelli Cippo, Davide Rigamonti, Stefano Colombi, Steven Lilley,
Maria Kastriotou, Christopher D. Frost
“Characterization Measurements of Compact Neutron Generators of the New NILE Facility”
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 70, no. 8, pp. 1616-1624, Aug. 2023, doi:
10.1109/TNS.2023.3293797
Two compact generators of 14 and 2.5 MeV neutrons have been installed in the new Neutron Irradiation Laboratory for Electronics (NILE) facility. Neutrons are produced by deuterium-deuterium (DD) and deuterium-tritium (DT) fusion reactions. The facility has been designed with the assistance of Monte Carlo calculations. Here, we present neutron measurements with multiple techniques for the characterization of the radiation field and dosimetry. Activation foils are used as a standard technique for passive measurements of neutron fluxes. Active detectors, like fission chambers, are used mainly as online neutron monitor. Diamond detectors are applied with the main purpose of high-resolution neutron spectroscopy. Scintillators are used as neutron monitors and spectrometers with the additional capability of neutron/gamma discrimination. The characterized neutron beams will be mainly applied for the testing of electronics.
Cremer, Jay Theodore, and Les G. Butler
“Grating-Based Imaging-Scattering with Portable Neutron Generator”
Final_Report_DE-SC0019636_July2023. Adelphi Technology, Inc., 2023
This project will develop a greenhouse-compatible neutron interferometry radiography system for imaging plant roots and soil systems grown or transplanted into aluminum pots. The significance is that long-duration, extensive sampling of plant growth factors is essential for food security. The opportunity is based on recent developments in robust (battlefield) neutron sources and a new low-cost route to neutron interferometry optics.
2021
Mausolf, Edward J., Erik V. Johnstone, Natalia Mayordomo, David L. Williams, Eugene Yao Z.
Guan, and
Charles K. Gary.
“Fusion-based neutron generator production of Tc-99m and Tc-101: a prospective avenue to
technetium
theranostics.”
Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 9 (2021): 875.
Presented are the results of 99mTc and 101Tc production via neutron irradiation of natural isotopic molybdenum (Mo) with epithermal/resonance neutrons. Neutrons were produced using a deuterium-deuterium (D-D) neutron generator with an output of 2 × 1010 n/s. The separation of Tc from an irradiated source of bulk, low-specific activity (LSA) Mo on activated carbon (AC) was demonstrated. The yields of 99mTc and 101Tc, together with their potential use in medical single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) procedures, have been evaluated from the perspective of commercial production, with a patient dose consisting of 740 MBq (20 mCi) of 99mTc. The number of neutron generators to meet the annual 40,000,000 world-wide procedures is estimated for each imaging modality: 99mTc versus 101Tc, D-D versus deuterium-tritium (D-T) neutron generator system outputs, and whether or not natural molybdenum or enriched targets are used for production. The financial implications for neutron generator production of these isotopes is also presented. The use of 101Tc as a diagnostic, therapeutic, and/or theranostic isotope for use in medical applications is proposed and compared to known commercial nuclear diagnostic and therapeutic isotopes.
2020
Williams, David L., Craig M. Brown, David Tong, Alexander Sulyman, and Charles K. Gary.
“A fast neutron radiography system using a high yield portable DT neutron source.”
Journal of imaging 6, no. 12 (2020): 128
Resolution measurements were made using 14.1 MeV neutrons from a high-yield, portable DT neutron generator and a neutron camera based on a scintillation screen viewed by a digital camera. Resolution measurements were made using a custom-built, plastic, USAF-1951 resolution chart, of dimensions 125 × 98 × 25.4 mm3, and by calculating the modulation transfer function from the edge-spread function from edges of plastic and steel objects. A portable neutron generator with a yield of 3 × 109 n/s (DT) and a spot size of 1.5 mm was used to irradiate the object with neutrons for 10 min. The neutron camera, based on a 6LiF/ZnS:Cu-doped polypropylene scintillation screen and digital camera was placed at a distance of 140 cm, and produced an image with a spatial resolution of 0.35 cycles per millimeter.
2019
Mauricio Ayllon Unzueta, Eoin Brodie, Craig Brown, Cristina Castanha, Charles Gary, Caitlin
Hicks
Pries, William Larsen, Bernhard Ludewigt, Andrew Rosenstrom, and Arun Persaud
“An associated particle imaging system for soil-carbon measurements”
Proc. SPIE 11114, Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XXI, 111141B (9
September
2019).
We present first results from experimental data showing the capabilities of an Associated Particle Imaging system to measure carbon in soil and other elements. Specifically, we present results from a pre-mixed soil sample containing pure sand (SiO2) and 4 % carbon by weight. Because the main isotopes of all those three elements emit characteristic high-energy gamma rays following inelastic neutron scattering, it is possible to measure their distribution with our instrument. A 3D resolution of several centimeters in all dimensions has been demonstrated.
2015
Vainionpaa, Jaakko H., Allan X. Chen, Melvin A. Piestrup, Charles K. Gary, Glenn Jones, and
Richard
H. Pantell.
“Grating-Based Imaging-Scattering with Portable Neutron Generator”
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials
and
Atoms 350 (2015): 88-93.
The new model DD110MB neutron generator from Adelphi Technology produces thermal (<0.5 eV) neutron flux that is normally achieved in a nuclear reactor or larger accelerator based systems. Thermal neutron fluxes of 3–5 · 107 n/cm2/s are measured. This flux is achieved using four ion beams arranged concentrically around a target chamber containing a compact moderator with a central sample cylinder. Fast neutron yield of ∼2 · 1010 n/s is created at the titanium surface of the target chamber. The thickness and material of the moderator is selected to maximize the thermal neutron flux at the center. The 2.5 MeV neutrons are quickly thermalized to energies below 0.5 eV and concentrated at the sample cylinder. The maximum flux of thermal neutrons at the target is achieved when approximately half of the neutrons at the sample area are thermalized. In this paper we present simulation results used to characterize performance of the neutron generator. The neutron flux can be used for neutron activation analysis (NAA) prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) for determining the concentrations of elements in many materials. Another envisioned use of the generator is production of radioactive isotopes. DD110MB is small enough for modest-sized laboratories and universities. Compared to nuclear reactors the DD110MB produces comparable thermal flux but provides reduced administrative and safety requirements and it can be run in pulsed mode, which is beneficial in many neutron activation techniques.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168583X15000026
Bergaoui, K., N. Reguigui, C. K. Gary, C. Brown, J. T. Cremer, J. H. Vainionpaa, and M. A.
Piestrup.
“Prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis of boron using Deuterium–Deuterium (D–D) neutron
generator.”
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 303 (2015): 115-121.
Prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) is a nuclear analytical technique for the determination of trace and other elements in solid, liquid or gaseous samples. The method consists in observing gamma rays emitted by a sample during neutron irradiation. The PGNAA system was built using a moderated and shielded deuterium–deuterium (D–D) neutron generator. This facility has been developed to determine the chemical composition of materials. The neutron generator is composed of three major components: An RF-Induction Ion Source, the Secondary Electron Shroud, and the Diode Accelerator Structure and Target. The generator produces monoenergetic neutrons (2.5 MeV) with a yield of 1010 n/s using 25–50 mA of beam current and 125 kV of acceleration voltage. Prompt γ-ray neutron activation analysis of 10B concentrations in Si and SiO2 matrices was carried out using a germanium detector (HPGe) and the results obtained are compared with a PGNAA system using a NaI detector. Neutron flux and energy distribution from D–D neutron generator at the sample position was calculated using Monte Carlo simulation. The interaction properties of neutrons in a Germanium detector have been studied.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10967-014-3298-4
https://www.academia.edu/download/38359054/2015_JRANC_-_Prompt_gamma-ray_neutron_activation.pdf
2014
Bergaoui, K., N. Reguigui, C. K. Gary, C. Brown, J. T. Cremer, J. H. Vainionpaa, and M. A.
Piestrup.
“Development of a new deuterium–deuterium (D–D) neutron generator for prompt gamma-ray neutron
activation analysis.”
Applied Radiation and Isotopes 94 (2014): 319-327.
A new deuterium–deuterium (D–D) neutron generator has been developed by Adelphi Technology for prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA), neutron activation analysis (NAA), and fast neutron radiography. The generator makes an excellent fast, intermediate, and thermal neutron source for laboratories and industrial applications that require the safe production of neutrons, a small footprint, low cost, and small regulatory burden. The generator has three major components: a Radio Frequency Induction Ion Source, a Secondary Electron Shroud, and a Diode Accelerator Structure and Target. Monoenergetic neutrons (2.5 MeV) are produced with a yield of 1010 n/s using 25–50 mA of deuterium ion beam current and 125 kV of acceleration voltage. The present study characterizes the performance of the neutron generator with respect to neutron yield, neutron production efficiency, and the ionic current as a function of the acceleration voltage at various RF powers. In addition the Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport (MCNP) simulation code was used to optimize the setup with respect to thermal flux and radiation protection.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804314003273
Bergaoui, K., N. Reguigui, C. K. Gary, J. T. Cremer, J. H. Vainionpaa, and M. A. Piestrup.
“Design, testing and optimization of a neutron radiography system based on a Deuterium–Deuterium
(D–D) neutron generator.”
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 299 (2014): 41-51.
Simulations show that significant improvement in imaging performance can be achieved through collimator design for thermal and fast neutron radiography with a laboratory neutron generator. The radiography facility used in the measurements and simulations employs a fully high-voltage-shielded, axial D–D neutron generator with a radio frequency driven ion source. The maximum yield of such generators is about 1010 fast neutrons per seconds (E = 2.45 MeV). Both fast and thermal neutron images were acquired with the generator and a Charge Coupled Devices camera. To shorten the imaging time and decrease the noise from gamma radiation, various collimator designs were proposed and simulated using Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNPX 2.7.0). Design considerations included the choice of material, thickness, position and aperture for the collimator. The simulation results and optimal configurations are presented.
2013
Loong, C-K., Ray Sollychin, Raymond Kingwen Wong, Keith Bradley, Melvin A. Piestrup, and
Tianjiao
Liang.
“The pros and cons of preliminary R&D of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy based on compact neutron
generators: A plan of collaboration.”
Physics Procedia 60 ( 2014) 264 – 270
The characteristics of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for cancer treatment demand, in addition to sufficient fluxes of epithermal neutrons, proper conditions of the neutron sources—compact layout, flexible operation, compatibility with hospital setting, etc. These requirements are best satisfied by compact accelerator-driven sources (CANS). We discuss the trade-offs among different CANS options and the needed R&D in order to advance BNCT to an acceptable level of practical prevalence and cancer treatment scope. We focus our attention on compact neutron generators (CNGs) which are the most compact and least expensive. We argue that the usefulness of D-D CNGs for preliminary studies, in spite of the substantial lower fluxes, can be augmented by high-performance beam-shaping assemblies and discoveries of superior 10B-containing cancer-cell seeking drugs. The plausibility of BNCT treatment of breast cancer using neutrons from a DD-109 CNG (Adelphi Technology, Inc.) is assessed by calculating the distribution of photon equivalent dose on a breast phantom using Monte-Carlo (MCNPX) simulations.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875389214005835
Kane, Steven, Tsahi Gozani, Michael J. King, John Kwong, Craig Brown, Charles Gary, Murray I.
Firestone, James A. Nikkel, and Daniel N. McKinsey.
“Simulations of multi-gamma coincidences from neutron-induced fission in special nuclear
materials.”
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 60, no. 2 (2013): 533-538.
A study is presented on the detection of illicit special nuclear materials (SNM) in cargo containers using a conceptual neutron-based inspection system with xenon-doped liquefied argon (LAr(Xe)) scintillation detectors for coincidence gamma-ray detection. For robustness, the system is envisioned to exploit all fission signatures, namely both prompt and delayed neutron and gamma emissions from fission reactions induced in SNM. However, this paper focuses exclusively on the analysis of the prompt gamma ray emissions. The inspection system probes a container using neutrons produced either by (d, D) or (d, T) in pulsed form or from an associated particle neutron generator to exploit the associated particle imaging (API) technique, thereby achieving background reduction and imaging. Simulated signal and background estimates were obtained in MCNPX (2.7) for a 2 kg sphere of enriched uranium positioned at the center of a 1m × 1m × 1m container, which is filled uniformly with wood or iron cargos at 0.1 g/cc or 0.4 g/cc. Detection time estimates are reported assuming probabilities of detection of 95% and false alarm of 0.5%.
Cremer Jr, Jay Theodore.
“Neutron and X-ray Optics (Elsevier Insights) 1st Edition”
ISBN-10: 0124071643 | ISBN-13: 978-0124071643
Gary, Charles, Steve Kane, Murray I. Firestone, Gregory Smith, Tsahi Gozani, Craig Brown, John
Kwong, Michael J. King, James A. Nikkel, and Dan McKinsey.
“Large area liquid argon detectors for interrogation systems.”
AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1525, no. 1, pp. 698-703. American Institute of Physics, 2013.
Measurements of the efficiency, pulse shape, and energy and time resolution of liquid argon (LAr) detectors are presented. Liquefied noble gas-based (LNbG) detectors have been developed for the detection of dark matter and neutrinoless double-beta decay. However, the same qualities that make LNbG detectors ideal for these applications, namely their size, cost, efficiency, pulse shape discrimination and resolution, make them promising for portal screening and the detection of Special Nuclear Materials (SNM). Two 18-liter prototype detectors were designed, fabricated, and tested, one with pure LAr and the other doped with liquid Xe (LArXe). The LArXe detector presented the better time and energy resolution of 3.3 ns and 20% at 662 KeV, respectively. The total efficiency of the detector was measured to be 35% with 4.5% of the total photons detected in the photopeak.
https://pubs.aip.org/aip/acp/article-abstract/1525/1/698/848627
Cremer Jr, Jay Theodore.
“Neutron and X-ray Optics”
Neutron and X-ray Optics. Newnes, 2013.
Academic Press, ISBN 0123944228, 9780123944221
2012
Cremer, J. T., D. L. Williams, C. K. Gary, M. A. Piestrup, D. R. Faber, M. J. Fuller, J. H.
Vainionpaa, M. Apodaca, R. H. Pantell, and J. Feinstein.
“Large area imaging of hydrogenous materials using fast neutrons from a DD fusion generator.”
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers,
Detectors and Associated Equipment 675 (2012): 51-55.
A small-laboratory fast-neutron generator and a large area detector were used to image hydrogen-bearing materials. The overall image resolution of 2.5 mm was determined by a knife-edge measurement. Contact images of objects were obtained in 5–50 min exposures by placing them close to a plastic scintillator at distances of 1.5 to 3.2 m from the neutron source. The generator produces 109 n/s from the DD fusion reaction at a small target. The combination of the DD-fusion generator and electronic camera permits both small laboratory and field-portable imaging of hydrogen-rich materials embedded in high density materials.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900212001386
Vainionpaa, J. H., J. L. Harris, M. A. Piestrup, C. K. Gary, D. L. Williams, M. D. Apodaca, J.
T.
Cremer, Qing Ji, B. A. Ludewigt, and G. Jones.
“High yield neutron generators using the DD reaction.”
AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1525, no. 1, pp. 118-122. American Institute of Physics, 2013.
A product line of high yield neutron generators has been developed at Adelphi technology inc. The generators use the D-D fusion reaction and are driven by an ion beam supplied by a microwave ion source. Yields of up to 5 x 109 n/s have been achieved, which are comparable to those obtained using the more efficient D-T reaction. The microwave-driven plasma uses the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) to produce a high plasma density for high current and high atomic ion species. These generators have an actively pumped vacuum system that allows operation at reduced pressure in the target chamber, increasing the overall system reliability. Since no radioactive tritium is used, the generators can be easily serviced, and components can be easily replaced, providing essentially an unlimited lifetime. Fast neutron source size can be adjusted by selecting the aperture and target geometries according to customer specifications. Pulsed and continuous operation has been demonstrated. Minimum pulse lengths of 50 s have been achieved. Since the generators are easily serviceable, they offer a long lifetime neutron generator for laboratories and commercial systems requiring continuous operation. Several of the generators have been enclosed in radiation shielding/moderator structures designed for customer specifications. These generators have been proven to be useful for prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA), neutron activation analysis (NAA) and fast neutron radiography. Thus these generators make excellent fast, epithermal and thermal neutron sources for laboratories and
https://pubs.aip.org/aip/acp/article-abstract/1525/1/118/848824
2011
Nikkel, J. A., T. Gozani, C. Brown, J. Kwong, D. N. McKinsey, Y. Shin, S. Kane, C. Gary, and M.
Firestone.
“Liquefied Noble Gas (LNG) detectors for detection of nuclear materials.”
Journal of Instrumentation 7, no. 03 (2012): C03007.
Liquefied-noble-gas (LNG) detectors offer, in principle, very good energy resolution for both neutrons and gamma rays, fast response time (hence high-count-rate capabilities), excellent discrimination between neutrons and gamma rays, and scalability to large volumes. They do, however, need cryogenics. LNG detectors in sizes of interest for fissionable material detection in cargo are reaching a certain level of maturity because of the ongoing extensive R&D effort in highenergy physics regarding their use in the search for dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay. The unique properties of LNG detectors, especially those using Liquid Argon (LAr) and Liquid Xenon (LXe), call for a study to determine their suitability for Non-Intrusive Inspection (NII) for Special Nuclear Materials (SNM) and possibly for other threats in cargo. Rapiscan Systems Laboratory, Yale University Physics Department, and Adelphi Technology are collaborating in the investigation of the suitability of LAr as a scintillation material for large size inspection systems for air and maritime containers and trucks. This program studies their suitability for NII, determines their potential uses, determines what improvements in performance they offer and recommends changes to their design to further enhance their suitability. An existing 3.1 liter LAr detector (microCLEAN) at Yale University, developed for R&D on the detection of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) was employed for testing. A larger version of this detector (15 liters), more suitable for the detection of higher energy gamma rays and neutrons is being built for experimental evaluation. Results of measurements and simulations of gamma ray and neutron detection in microCLEAN and a larger detector (326 liter CL38) are presented.
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-0221/7/03/C03007/meta
Cremer, J. T., D. L. Williams, M. J. Fuller, C. K. Gary, M. A. Piestrup, R. H. Pantell, J.
Feinstein
et al.
“Periodic magnetic field as a polarized and focusing thermal neutron spectrometer and
monochromator.”
Review of Scientific Instruments 81, no. 1 (2010).
A novel periodic magnetic field PMF optic is shown to act as a prism, lens, and polarizer for neutrons and particles with a magnetic dipole moment. The PMF has a two-dimensional field in the axial direction of neutron propagation. The PMF alternating magnetic field polarity provides strong gradients that cause separation of neutrons by wavelength axially and by spin state transversely. The spin-up neutrons exit the PMF with their magnetic spins aligned parallel to the PMF magnetic field, and are deflected upward and line focus at a fixed vertical height, proportional to the PMF period, at a downstream focal distance that increases with neutron energy. The PMF has no attenuation by absorption or scatter, as with material prisms or crystal monochromators. Embodiments of the PMF include neutron spectrometer or monochromator, and applications include neutron small angle scattering, crystallography, residual stress analysis, cross section measurements, and reflectometry. Presented are theory, experimental results, computer simulation, applications of the PMF, and comparison of its performance to Stern–Gerlach gradient devices and compound material and magnetic refractive prisms.
https://pubs.aip.org/aip/rsi/article/81/1/013902/355580
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2852448/pdf/RSINAK-000081-013902_1.pdf
Piestrup, M. A., J. L. Harris, J. H. Vainionpaa, C. K. Gary, B. A. Ludewigt, Qing Ji, G.
Palestro et
al.
“A Coaxial Neutron Generator for NCT.”
NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY 2010: 492.
2009
Fuller, M. K., M. A. Piestrup, C. K. Gary, J. L. Harris, G. Jones, J. H. Vainionpaa, D. L.
Williams et al
“Long-lifetime high-yield neutron generators using the D–D reaction.”
Proc. Int. Topical Meeting Nuclear Research Applications and Utilization of Accelerators (International Atomic
Energy Agency). 2009.
The measured neutron yield and ion current obtained from a single-beam DD-reaction neutron generator is given and used to project the expected output from a multi-beam coaxial neutron generator. The calculated yields required for NCT can be met if the generator uses the DT reaction and a high voltage power of 40 kW at 100 kV is supplied to accelerate the ions. Single-beam neutron yields of 1010 n/s have been measured using the DD reaction. With a 10 beam coaxial source and using the DT reaction, such a generator can deliver 2 x 1013 n/s with the same amount of power (40 kW).
https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/P1433_CD/datasets/papers/ap_ie-01.pdf
2008
Williams, D. L., J. H. Vainionpaa, G. Jones, M. A. Piestrup, C. K. Gary, J. L. Harris, M. J.
Fuller
et al.
“High Intensity, Pulsed, D‐D Neutron Generator.”
AIP conference proceedings, vol. 1099, no. 1, pp. 936-939. American Institute of Physics, 2009.
Single ion-beam RF-plasma neutron generators are presented as a laboratory source of intense neutrons. The continuous and pulsed operations of such a neutron generator using the deuterium-deuterium fusion reaction are reported. The neutron beam can be pulsed by switching the RF plasma and/or a gate electrode. These generators are actively vacuum pumped so that a continuous supply of deuterium gas is present for the production of ions and neutrons. This contributes to the generator’s long life. These single-beam generators are capable of producing up to 1010 n/s. Previously, Adelphi and LBNL have demonstrated these generators’ applications in fast neutron radiography, Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) and Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA). Together with an inexpensive compact moderator, these high-output neutron generators extend useful applications to home laboratory operations.
https://pubs.aip.org/aip/acp/article-abstract/1099/1/936/829001
https://escholarship.org/content/qt8pz9p43n/qt8pz9p43n_noSplash_330ab41659f8bcca91b0e7fe9d5fa083.pdf
2007
Nasonov, N. N., A. S. Kubankin, P. N. Zhukova, M. Goldstein, D. L. Williams, M. A. Piestrup, and
H.
Park.
“Extreme ultraviolet emission from non-relativistic electrons penetrating a multilayer
nanostructure.”
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials
and
Atoms 254, no. 2 (2007): 259-267.
The spectral and angular distributions from parametric X-radiation (PXR) from non-relativistic electrons penetrating a multilayer nanostructure are calculated while accounting for contributions of ordinary and diffracted transition radiation. The PXR emission mechanism is shown to be the dominant emission mechanism. The calculation also demonstrates the possibility of a tunable quasi-monochromatic extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source using only non-relativistic electrons whose efficiency can be large enough for practical applications.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168583X06011608
J. Reijonen, N. Andresen, F. Gicquel, R. Gough, M. King, T. Kalvas, K.-N. Leung, T.-P. Lou, H.
Vainionpaa, A. Antolak, D. Morse, B. Doyle, G. Miller, M. Piestrup
“Development of advanced neutron/gamma generators for imaging and active interrogation
applications.”
Optics and Photonics in Global Homeland Security III (Vol. 6540, pp. 331-342). SPIE.(2007)
We report here on the development of neutron and photon sources for use in imaging and active interrogation applications, where there is a growing urgency for more advanced interrogation tools. These devices include high yield D-D, D-T and T-T fusion reaction based neutron generators and also low energy nuclear reaction based high-energy gamma generators. One common feature in these various devices is the use of a high-efficiency, RF-induction discharge ion source. This discharge method provides high plasma density for high output current, high atomic species from molecular gases for high efficiency neutron or gamma generation and long lifetime. Predictable discharge characteristics of these plasma generators allow accurate modeling for both the beam dynamics and for the heat loads at the target spot. Current status of the neutron and gamma generator development with experimental data will be presented.
https://www-eng.lbl.gov/~fmgicque/personal/publications/SPIE%202007%20Paper%20as%20Published.pdf
Cremer, J. T., H. Park, M. A. Piestrup, C. K. Gary, R. H. Pantell, R. G. Flocchini, H. P.
Egbert, M.
D. Kloh, and R. B. Walker.
“Simple microscope using a compound refractive lens and a wide-bandwidth thermal neutron beam.”
Applied physics letters 90, no. 14 (2007)
The results of imaging experiments using biconcave, spherical compound refractive lenses CRLs and a wide-bandwidth thermal neutron beam are presented. Two CRLs were used, consisting of 155 beryllium and 120 copper lenses. The experiments were performed using a thermal neutron beam line at McClellan Nuclear Radiation Center reactor. The authors obtained micrographs of cadmium slits with up to 5 magnification and 0.3 mm resolution. The CRL resolution was superior to a pinhole camera with the same aperture diameter. The modulation transfer function MTF of the CRL was calculated and compared with the measured MTF at five spatial frequencies, showing good agreement.
2006
Park, H., J. T. Cremer, M. A. Piestrup, C. K. Gary, Rex P. Hjelm, W. C. L. J. Sellyey, and R. H.
Pantell.
“Measured operational neutron energies of compound refractive lenses.”
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials
and
Atoms 251, no. 2 (2006): 507-511.
The characteristics of two compound refractive lenses (CRLs) have been measured using a broadband spallation neutron source. One CRL consists of a stack of 98 biconcave, spherical lenses made of MgF2, and another consists of 198 biconcave, spherical lenses made of Al. The bandwidth of the spallation source included wavelengths from 1.5 Å to 15.7 Å that we could use to test the CRLs. The MgF2 CRL was found to be useful from 9 to 15 Å with the maximum transmission around 13 Å, whereas the Al CRL was found to give good transmission around 5–15 Å, with the maximum transmission around 8 Å. Spectra with Al lens and MgF2 CRLs show multiple transmission dips due to Bragg diffraction of the microcrystal structure of the lens materials (Al or MgF2). These measurements helped characterize the CRLs for possible applications at shorter wavelengths than previously used.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168583X06008676
2005
Cremer, J. T., M. A. Piestrup, H. Park, C. K. Gary, R. H. Pantell, C. J. Glinka, and J. G.
Barker.
“Imaging hydrogenous materials with a neutron microscope.”
Applied Physics Letters 87, no. 16 (2005).
Magnified images of materials containing hydrogen, for which the main contrast mechanism for neutrons is incoherent scattering, have been obtained using a microscope employing a neutron compound refractive lens (CRL). The CRL was composed of 100 biconcave lenses that produced magnified images of polyethylene and polypropylene (hydrogen-rich) grids and biological specimens using Å cold neutrons with a 10% bandwidth. For hydrogenous materials, 98%–99% of the attenuation is by incoherent scattering and 1%–2% from neutron absorption by the hydrogen nuclei. The small angle of acceptance of the CRL discriminates against scattered neutrons from the hydrogenous object, thereby producing the needed contrast for imaging.
Cremer, Jay Theodore, Melvin A. Piestrup, and Xizeng Wu.
“Fast and thermal neutron radiography.”
Penetrating Radiation Systems and Applications VII, vol. 5923, pp. 46-64. SPIE, 2005.
There is a need for high brightness neutron sources that are portable, relatively inexpensive, and capable of neutron radiography in short imaging times. Fast and thermal neutron radiography is as an excellent method to penetrate high-density, high-Z objects, thick objects and image its interior contents, especially hydrogen-based materials. In this paper we model the expected imaging performance characteristics and limitations of fast and thermal radiography systems employing a Rose Model based transfer analysis. For fast neutron detection plastic fiber array scintllators or liquid scintillator filled capillary arrays are employed for fast neutron detection, and 6Li doped ZnS(Cu) phosphors are employed for thermal neutron detection. These simulations can provide guidance in the design, construction, and testing of neutron imaging systems. In particular we determined for a range of slab thickness, the range of thicknesses of embedded cracks (air-filled or filled with material such as water) which can be detected and imaged.
2004
Piestrup, M. A.
“Large area x-ray and neutron imaging using three-dimensional arrays of microlenses.”
Review of scientific instruments 75, no. 11 (2004): 4769-4774.
Linear arrays of biconcave microlenses have been shown to be capable of imaging small objects using either x rays or neutrons. Because these lenses have small apertures and finite lengths, they are limited in their field of view (FOV). To increase the FOV, we propose that two sets of three-dimensional arrays of these microlenses be used. The spacing of the microlenses is calculated to achieve a complete image with uniform brightness. General design criteria are discussed in situations where either a one-to-one image or a magnified image is required.
https://pubs.aip.org/aip/rsi/article-abstract/75/11/4769/351488
Cremer, Jay T., Melvin A. Piestrup, Charles K. Gary, R. H. Pantell, and C. J. Glinka.
“Biological imaging with a neutron microscope.”
Applied Physics Letters 85, no. 3 (2004): 494-496.
A simple microscope employing a compound refractive lens (CRL) composed of 100 biconcave lenses was used to image a biological sample with a magnification using Å cold neutrons. The microscope’s resolution, , was primarily determined by the neutron detector pixel size. Unlike previous work the CRL’s field of view was large and increased as the distance between the exit of neutron-waveguide and the specimen decreased. Short source-to-specimen distances allowed the CRL to view a biological sample with this field of view.
2002
Beguiristain, H. R., J. T. Cremer, M. A. Piestrup, C. K. Gary, and R. H. Pantell.
“X-ray focusing with compound lenses made from beryllium.”
Optics letters 27, no. 9 (2002): 778-780.
Beguiristain, H. R., I. S. Anderson, C. D. Dewhurst, M. A. Piestrup, J. T. Cremer, and R. H.
Pantell.
“A simple neutron microscope using a compound refractive lens.”
Applied physics letters 81, no. 22 (2002): 4290-4292.
X-RAY SOURCES AND OPTICS
2007
Gary, C. K., H. Park, L. W. Lombardo, M. A. Piestrup, J. T. Cremer, R. H. Pantell, and Y. I.
Dudchik.
“High resolution x-ray microscope.”
Applied physics letters 90, no. 18 (2007).
Dudchik, Yu I., Fadei F. Komarov, Melvin A. Piestrup, Charles K. Gary, H. Park, and J. T.
Cremer.
“Using of a microcapillary refractive X-ray lens for focusing and imaging.”
Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 62, no. 6-7 (2007): 598-602.
2005
Kaplin, V. V., S. R. Uglov, O. F. Bulaev, V. J. Goncharov, A. A. Voronin, I. Vaskovsky, G.
Sergeev
et al
“X-ray Generation from thin targets mounted inside a compact betatron.”
Fourth Generation X-Ray Sources and Optics III, vol. 5917, pp. 110-116. SPIE, 2005.
2004
Dudchik, Yu I., N. N. Kolchevsky, F. F. Komarov, M. A. Piestrup, J. T. Cremer, C. K. Gary, H.
Park,
and A. M. Khounsary.
“Microspot x-ray focusing using a short focal-length compound refractive lenses.”
Review of scientific instruments 75, no. 11 (2004): 4651-4655.
Gary, C. K., S. A. Pikuz, M. D. Mitchell, K. M. Chandler, T. A. Shelkovenko, D. A. Hammer, and
Yu I.
Dudchik.
“X-ray imaging of an X-pinch plasma with a bubble compound refractive lens.”
Review of scientific instruments 75, no. 10 (2004): 3950-3952.
Piestrup, M. A.
“Large area x-ray and neutron imaging using three-dimensional arrays of microlenses.”
Review of scientific instruments 75, no. 11 (2004): 4769-4774.
Cremer, J. Theodore, Melvin A. Piestrup, Charles K. Gary, and Richard H. Pantell.
“Large-aperture compound refractive lenses.”
Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources and Ultrafast X-Ray Detectors, vol. 5194, pp. 62-89. SPIE, 2004.
Dudchik, Yury I., Nicolai N. Kolchevsky, Fadei F. Komarov, Melvin A. Piestrup, J. Theodore
Cremer,
Charles K. Gary, and Richard H. Pantell.
“Short-focal-length compound refractive lenses for X-rays.”
Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources and Ultrafast X-Ray Detectors, vol. 5194, pp. 56-61. SPIE, 2004.
ABSTRACT
2003
Shastri, Sarvjit D., A. Mashayekhi, Jay Theodore Cremer, and Melvin A. Piestrup.
“X-ray optics for 50-100 keV undulator radiation using crystals and refractive lenses.”
Crystals, Multilayers, and Other Synchrotron Optics, vol. 5195, pp. 63-75. SPIE, 2003.
Cremer, J. T., M. A. Piestrup, H. R. Beguiristain, C. K. Gary, and R. H. Pantell.
“Large aperture compound lenses made of lithium.”
Review of scientific instruments 74, no. 4 (2003): 2262-2266.
Pantell, Richard H., Joseph Feinstein, H. Raul Beguiristain, Melvin A. Piestrup, Charles K.
Gary,
and Jay T. Cremer.
“Characteristics of the thick, compound refractive lens.”
Applied Optics 42, no. 4 (2003): 719-723.
Nasonov, N. N., V. V. Kaplin, S. R. Uglov, M. A. Piestrup, and C. K. Gary.
“X rays from relativistic electrons in a multilayer structure.”
Physical Review E 68, no. 3 (2003): 036504.
N. N. Nasonov, V. V. Kaplin, S. R. Uglov, M. A. Piestrup and C. K. Gary
“Grazing Incidence Parametric X-Ray From Multilayer Mirror”
Phys. Rev. E. 68, 1063, (2003).
ABSTRACT
2002
Beguiristain, H. R., J. T. Cremer, M. A. Piestrup, C. K. Gary, and R. H. Pantell
“X-ray focusing with compound lenses made from beryllium.”
Optics letters 27, no. 9 (2002): 778-780.
Kaplin, V. V., S. R. Uglov, O. F. Bulaev, V. J. Goncharov, A. A. Voronin, M. A. Piestrup, and C.
K.
Gary.
“Thin betatron radiators for more efficient x-ray generation.”
Review of scientific instruments 73, no. 1 (2002): 63-68.
Kaplin, V. V., S. R. Uglov, O. F. Bulaev, V. J. Goncharov, A. A. Voronin, M. A. Piestrup, C. K.
Gary, N. N. Nasonov, and M. K. Fuller
“Tunable, monochromatic x rays using the internal beam of a betatron.”
Applied physics letters 80, no. 18 (2002): 3427-3429
2001
Pantell, Richard H., Joseph Feinstein, H. Raul Beguiristain, Melvin A. Piestrup, Charles K.
Gary,
and J. Theodore Cremer
“Refractive lenses for coherent x-ray sources.”
Applied Optics 40, no. 28 (2001): 5100-5105
Pantell, Richard H., Joseph Feinstein, H. Raul Beguiristain, Melvin A. Piestrup, Charles K.
Gary,
and J. Theodore Cremer.
“Focusing coherent x-rays with refractive optics.”
X-Ray FEL Optics and Instrumentation, vol. 4143, pp. 109-117. SPIE, 2001.
Piestrup, M. A., H. R. Beguiristain, C. K. Gary, J. T. Cremer, R. H. Pantell, and R. Tatchyn.
“Compound refractive lenses for novel X-ray sources.”
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials
and
Atoms 173, no. 1-2 (2001): 170-177.
Pantell, R. H., J. Feinstein, H. R. Beguiristain, M. A. Piestrup, C. K. Gary, and J. T. Cremer.
“The effect of unit lens alignment and surface roughness on x-ray compound lens performance.”
Review of Scientific Instruments 72, no. 1 (2001): 48-52.
Feinstein, RH Pantell J., JT Cremer MA Piestrup, and HR Beguiristain CK Gary.
“Optics for coherent x-ray sources.”
Proc. SPIE, vol. 4500, p. 124.
ABSTRACT
Kaplin, V. V., S. R. Uglov, O. F. Bulaev, V. J. Goncharov, M. A. Piestrup, and C. K. Gary.
“Observation of multiple passes of electrons through thin internal targets of a betatron.”
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials
and
Atoms 173, no. 1-2 (2001): 3-15.
Piestrup, M. A., Xizeng Wu, V. V. Kaplan, S. R. Uglov, J. T. Cremer, D. W. Rule, and R. B.
Fiorito.
“A design of mammography units using a quasimonochromatic x-ray source.”
Review of Scientific Instruments 72, no. 4 (2001): 2159-2170.
Kaplin, V. V., S. R. Uglov, O. F. Bulaev, V. J. Goncharov, M. A. Piestrup, and C. K. Gary
“Observation of multiple passes of electrons through thin internal targets of a betatron.”
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials
and
Atoms 173, no. 1-2 (2001): 3-15.
2000
Beguiristain, H. Raul, J. Theodore Cremer, Melvin A. Piestrup, Richard H. Pantell, Charles K.
Gary,
and Joseph Feinstein
“Compound x-ray refractive lenses made of polyimide.”
Advances in Laboratory-based X-Ray Sources and Optics, vol. 4144, pp. 155-164. SPIE, 2000.
Piestrup, M. A., J. T. Cremer, H. R. Beguiristain, C. K. Gary, and R. H. Pantell.
“Two-dimensional x-ray focusing from compound lenses made of plastic.”
Review of Scientific Instruments 71, no. 12 (2000): 4375-4379.
Kaplin, V. V., S. R. Uglov, V. N. Zabaev, M. A. Piestrup, C. K. Gary, N. N. Nasonov, and M. K.
Fuller.
“Observation of bright monochromatic x rays generated by relativistic electrons passing through
a
multilayer mirror”
Applied Physics Letters 76, no. 24 (2000): 3647-3649
1999
Beguiristain, H. R., M. A. Piestrup, R. H. Pantell, C. K. Gary, J. T. Cremer, and R. Tatchyn.
“Development of compound refractive lenses for x-rays.”
AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 521, no. 1, pp. 258-266. American Institute of Physics, 2000.
Cremer, J. T., M. A. Piestrup, H. R. Beguiristain, C. K. Gary, R. H. Pantell, and R. Tatchyn.
“Cylindrical compound refractive x-ray lenses using plastic substrates”
Review of scientific instruments 70, no. 9 (1999): 3545-3548.
1998
Piestrup, Melvin A., Michael W. Powell, J. Theodore Cremer, Louis W. Lombardo, V. V. Kaplin, A.
A.
Mihal'Chuk, S. R. Uglov et al.
“Compact recycled beam source for XRL and EUVL exposure tools”
Emerging Lithographic Technologies II, vol. 3331, pp. 450-463. SPIE, 1998.
Kaplin, V. V., L. W. Lombardo, A. A. Mihal'Chuk, M. A. Piestrup, and S. R. Uglov.
“X-ray production simulation of an electron beam recycled through a betatron's internal target”
Atoms 145, no. 1-2 (1998): 244-252.
Piestrup, M. A., M. W. Powell, S. Mrowka, J. T. Cremer, L. W. Lombardo, M. B. Chase, D. Snyder,
H.
Rietdyk, and X. K. Maruyama.
“A transition radiation source with a grazing angle optic for step and scan lithography”
Atoms 145, no. 1-2 (1998): 230-235.
Piestrup, M. A., M. W. Powell, S. Mrowka, J. T. Cremer, L. W. Lombardo, M. B. Chase, D. Snyder,
H.
Rietdyk, and X. K. Maruyama.
“A transition radiation source with a grazing angle optic for step and scan lithography.”
Atoms 145, no. 1-2 (1998): 230-235.
Piestrup, M. A., L. W. Lombardo, J. T. Cremer, G. A. Retzlaff, R. M. Silzer, D. M. Skopik, and
V. V.
Kaplin.
“Increased x-ray production efficiency from transition radiators utilizing a multiple-pass
electron
beam.”
Review of scientific instruments 69, no. 6 (1998): 2223-2229.
Andreyashkin, M. Yu, V. V. Kaplin, S. R. Uglov, V. N. Zabaev, and M. A. Piestrup.
“X-ray emission by multiple passes of electrons through periodic and crystalline targets mounted
inside a synchrotron”
Applied physics letters 72, no. 11 (1998): 1385-1387.
Piestrup, Melvin A., Harold E. Puthoff, and Paul J. Ebert.
“TITLE”
REPORT DOCUMENTATION F. (1998)
1997
Piestrup, Melvin A., Michael W. Powell, Stanley Mrowka, Louis W. Lombardo, Michael B. Chase, J.
Theodore Cremer, and Xavier K. Maruyama.
“Single-stepper soft x-ray source for step-and-scan tools.”
Emerging Lithographic Technologies, vol. 3048, pp. 176-182. SPIE, 1997.
1996
Tatchyn, R., T. Cremer, D. Boyers, Q. Li, and M. Piestrup.
“Multilayer optics for harmonic control of angiography beamline sources.”
Review of Scientific Instruments 67, no. 9 (1996): 3357-3357
Piestrup, Melvin A., Michael W. Powell, and Louis W. Lombardo.
“Alternative soft x-ray source for step-and-scan lithography.”
Electron-Beam, X-Ray, EUV, and Ion-Beam Submicrometer Lithographies for Manufacturing VI, vol.
2723,
pp. 288-298. SPIE, 1996.
M. A. Piestrup, M. W. Powell, L. W. Lombardo
“Alternative source for step and scan lithography”
SPIE 2723, 288 (1996).
Abstract: In recent work, multilayers with band‐tailored optics for dual energy digital subtraction angiography (DDSA) applications have been designed and tested at SSRL. Control of various multilayer parameters, including period grading, ratio of high‐to‐low Z material thickness, number of layers, etc., was used to produce reflectors with bandwidths ranging from 0.6%–10% and efficiencies in the 30%–95% range. In this paper, we consider the control of multilayer bandshapes and the implementation of double‐reflection multilayer configurations to further control the first harmonic (33 keV) bandwidth and to suppress or eliminate the 66 keV and 99 keV harmonics present on angiography beamlines driven by wiggler or micropole undulator sources
1995
Fiorito, R. B., D. W. Rule, M. A. Piestrup, X. K. Maruyama, R. M. Silzer, D. M. Skopik, and A.
V.
Shchagin.
“Polarized angular distributions of parametric x radiation and vacuum-ultraviolet transition
radiation from relativistic electrons.”
Physical Review E 51, no. 4 (1995): R2759.
1994
Boyers, D., A. Ho, Q. Li, M. Piestrup, M. Rice, and R. Tatchyn
“Tests of variable-band multilayers designed for investigating optimal signal-to-noise versus
artifact signal ratios in dual-energy digital subtraction angiography (DDSA) imaging systems.”
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers,
Detectors and Associated Equipment 346, no. 3 (1994): 565-570.
1993
Ho, A. H., M. A. Piestrup, R. M. Silzer, and D. M. Skopik.
“Surface roughness effects on cylindrical grazing incidence x‐ray optics for transition
radiation”
Journal of applied physics 74, no. 9 (1993): 5320-5326
Gary, C. K., M. A. Piestrup, D. G. Boyers, C. I. Pincus, R. H. Pantell, and G. B. Rothbart.
“TITLE”
Noninvasive digital energy subtraction angiography with a channeling‐radiation x‐ray source
Medical physics 20, no. 5 (1993): 1527-1535
https://aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1118/1.597116
Fiorito, R. B., D. W. Rule, M. A. Piestrup, Li Qiang, A. H. Ho, and X. K. Maruyama.
“Parametric X-ray generation from moderate energy electron beams”
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials
and
Atoms 79, no. 1-4 (1993): 758-761.
Fiorito, R. B., D. W. Rule, X. K. Maruyama, K. L. DiNova, S. J. Evertson, M. J. Osborne, D.
Snyder,
H. Rietdyk, M. A. Piestrup, and A. H. Ho.
“Observation of higher order parametric x-ray spectra in mosaic graphite and single silicon
crystals.”
Physical review letters 71, no. 5 (1993): 704
1992
Piestrup, M. A., A. H. Ho, Qiang Li, R. M. Silzer, G. Feldman, and D. M. Skopik
“Measurements of x‐ray emission from zinc and molybdenum transition radiators”
Journal of applied physics 73, no. 10 (1993): 5152-5157
Piestrup, M. A., D. G. Boyers, C. I. Pincus, Qiang Li, A. H. Ho, X. K. Maruyama, D. D. Snyder et
al.
“Observation of the focusing of x‐ray transition radiation using cylindrical optics”
Applied physics letters 61, no. 9 (1992): 1019-1021
Pincus, C. I., M. A. Piestrup, D. G. Boyers, Qiang Li, J. L. Harris, X. K. Maruyama, D. M.
Skopik,
R. M. Silzer, H. S. Caplan, and G. B. Rothbart
“TITLE”
Measurements of x‐ray emission from photoabsorption‐edge transition radiation
1991
Gary, C. K., R. H. Pantell, M. Özcan, M. A. Piestrup, and D. G. Boyers
“Optimization of the channeling radiation source crystal to produce intense quasimonochromatic X
rays”
Journal of applied physics 70, no. 6 (1991): 2995-3002
Piestrup, M. A., D. G. Boyers, C. I. Pincus, J. L. Harris, H. S. Caplan, R. M. Silzer, and D. M.
Skopik.
“Beryllium foil transition‐radiation source for x‐ray lithography”
Applied physics letters 59, no. 2 (1991): 189-191
Reid, Max B., and Melvin A. Piestrup
“Resonance transition radiation X-ray lasers”
IEEE journal of quantum electronics 27, no. 11 (1991): 2440-2455
Piestrup, Melvin A., D. G. Boyers, Cary I. Pincus, Qiang Li, J. L. Harris, J. C. Bergstrom, H.
S.
Caplan et al
“High-power x-ray generation using transition radiation”
Short-Wavelength Radiation Sources, vol. 1552, pp. 214-239. SPIE, 1991
Rule, Donald W., Ralph B. Fiorito, Melvin A. Piestrup, Charles K. Gary, and Xavier K. Maruyama
“Production of x-rays by the interaction of charged particle beams with periodic structures and
crystalline materials”
Short-Wavelength Radiation Sources, vol. 1552, pp. 240-251. SPIE, 1991
1990
Gary, C. K., A. S. Fisher, R. H. Pantell, J. Harris, and M. A. Piestrup
“Channeling of electrons in Si produces intense quasimonochromatic, tunable, picosecond x-ray
bursts”
Physical Review B 42, no. 1 (1990): 7
Piestrup, Melvin A., David G. Boyers, Cary I. Pincus, and Pierre Maccagno
“Focused X-ray source. No. US 4951304; Adelphi Technology Inc, 1990”
OSTI report
1988
Piestrup, Melvin, A
“An x-ray free-electron laser loaded with a periodic dielectric”
IEEE journal of quantum electronics 24, no. 4 (1988): 591-597
1987
Piestrup, Melvin A., Michael J. Moran, Barry L. Berman, Piero Pianetta, and Daniel Seligson
“Transition radiation as an x-ray source for lithography”
Electron-Beam, X-Ray, and Ion-Beam Lithographies VI, vol. 773, pp. 37-44. SPIE, 1987
1986
The Construction of a Soft. X-Ray source using Transition Radiation for
Lithography
“TITLE”
Energy, Renewable. 'ENERGY MATERIALS COORDINATING COMMITTEE (EMaCC).' (1986).
1983
Piestrup, M., and P. Finman
“The prospects of an X-ray free electron laser using stimulated resonance transition radiation”
IEEE Journal of Quantum electronics 19, no. 3 (1983): 357-364
Piestrup, M., P. Finman, A. Chu, T. Barbee, R. Pantell, R. Gearhart, and F. Buskirk
“Transition radiation as an X-ray source”
IEEE journal of quantum electronics 19, no. 12 (1983): 1771-1780
Edighoffer, J., W. Kimura, R. Pantell, M. Piestrup, and D. Wang.
“Free-electron interactions with light using the inverse Cerenkov effect”
IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 17, no. 8 (1981): 1507-1514
Wang, D., A. Fauchet, M. Piestrup, and R. Pantell.
“Gain and efficiency of a stimulated Cherenkov optical klystron”
IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 19, no. 3 (1983): 389-391
SELECTED CUSTOMER PUBLICATIONS THAT INVOLVE ADELPHI TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS OR RESEARCH
2015
Atanackovic, Jovica, Andre Yonkeu, Jacques Dubeau, Sampath Hakmana Witharana, and Nicholas
Priest
“Characterization of neutron fields from bare and heavy water moderated Cf-252 spontaneous
fission
source using Bonner sphere spectrometer”
Applied Radiation and Isotopes 99 (2015): 122-132
ABSTRACT
2014
Wahl, C. G., E. P. Bernard, W. H. Lippincott, J. A. Nikkel, Y. Shin, and D. N. McKinsey
“Pulse-shape discrimination and energy resolution of a liquid-argon scintillator with xenon
doping, 2014”
arXiv preprint arXiv:1403.0525 9: P06013
This was an R&D project.
